How can a patient help to make a residual limb less sensitive and “toughen” it up in preparation for a prosthetic?
To answer this, there are many factors to be taken into consideration.  First, the amputee should be seen by a physical therapist to make sure there are no flexion contractures developing in the hip or knee joints.  It is also important to do general strengthening.

In addition, some residual limb conditioning should be in use.  A removable rigid dressing (RRD), which is a cast molded over socks on the residual limb to gradually induce pressure, is a preferred method.  This will help to reduce swelling in the wound and allow the residual limb to become accustomed to some pressure.  This casted mold can be removed and the pressure increased by adding socks, which are worn over the residual limb.  This dressing also helps to protect the wound.

If the patient is able, an Ischial Weight Bearing Bypass Prosthesis may be used to assist in early ambulation.

Is there any way to curb phantom sensations?
Only a qualified physician can prescribe treatment such as beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, neuroleptics, antidepressants, and benzodiazaepines, which have been used to some success.  It is not uncommon, however, that once someone is able to start walking with a prosthesis, the sensations lessen.

Will my residual limb change size?
Yes, your residual limb will shrink as the swelling goes down.  There are various methods for reducing swelling, such as wrapping the limb, wearing appropriate compression dressings, and exercising it.

What changes will have to be made in my home?
The number of adaptations will depend on the type of amputation you’ve had.  For lower limb amputations, adaptations will likely have to be made in the bathroom. A shower chair, grab rails, and detachable showerhead are most helpful when showering.

Will I still be able to participate in sports?
Yes, there are amputees involved in just about every sport - from skiing to swimming.  Most amputees who have participated in sports prior to their amputations can continue to do so.  Several sports have organized programs for amputees at the competitive level.  Your prosthetist may be able to make a special prosthesis for the sport you’re interested in.